A sensory diet, first created by occupational therapists Wilbarger and Wilbarger(1991), is an individualized plan of physical activities and accommodations to help a person meet their sensory needs. This plan provides the sensory input needed to stay focused and organized throughout the day. For example, some people may feel overwhelmed or overloaded and need to get to a calmer state; some may feel lethargic or sluggish and need some activities to feel alert.
The main goal of a sensory diet is to prevent sensory and emotional overload by meeting the nervous system's sensory needs; however, it can also be used as a recovery technique. Understanding a child's sensory profile and the activities which create calmness and regulation can really help when a child feels overwhelmed and out of control. Engaging children in sensory experiences on a regular schedule can support focus, attentiveness and interaction. Children may feel less anxious when they feel comfortable and in control.
An occupational therapist (OT) usually designs a sensory diet. Parents and caregivers can then use the tailored activities at home; teachers/educational assistants can use it at school. The reason it is recommended to consult with an OT who has experience with sensory processing issues is because one the trickiest aspects of sensory difficulty is recognizing when a child is overreactive or underreactive in any given moment, then adjusting sensory input to meet them where they are, and providing the right challenge to help them move forward into a “just right” state of being.
Observational checklists can be used to gather information about a person's sensory profile. There are numerous sensory checklists available online or in books such as Answers to Questions Teachers Ask about Sensory Integration or Building Bridges Through Sensory Integration.
Activities for a Sensory Diet
Certain activities address specific sensory systems. Activities will also vary based on age and ability. Here are some examples of activities that can be used as part of a sensory diet:
Proprioception
Proprioceptive input can be achieved through lifting, pushing, and pulling heavy objects. Some ideas are:
• pushing a stroller or cart
• pulling a wagon filled with objects
• carrying a backpack
• playing hopscotch
• push-ups against the wall
• lifting weights
• wearing a weighted vest
• vacuuming
• swimming
Vestibular
Vestibular input (sense of movement) is created by any type of movement such as spinning or swinging. Some ideas are:
• swinging on a swing
• lying in a hammock
• spinning on a Sit n’ Spin or disc
• rolling
• jumping jacks
• dancing
Tactile
The tactile sense detects light touch, deep pressure, texture, temperature, vibration, and pain. Some ideas are:
• drawing in sand or salt
• hand massage
• high fives
• play with therapy putty, squeeze balls, a band to pull on
• crocheting, knitting or sewing
• messy play with shaving cream or foamy soap
Auditory
Auditory input is what we hear and how we listen. Some ideas for calming and organizing auditory input are:
• listening to music
• listening to sounds in nature
• use noise cancelling headphones to dampen sound
• playing a musical instrument
• listening to running water
Visual
Some environments can be too visually stimulating such as classrooms with busy bulletin boards, brightly lit rooms, bright colors or busy patterns on the wall or curtains. To reduce visual stimulation:
• keeps areas organized and clutter free
• store items in bins or boxes
• avoid using fluorescent lighting
• use neutral paint colors
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